The race between Singapore and Hong Kong to attract special-purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) is off to a cautious start, dampening hopes the phenomenon could quickly produce a juicy revenue stream for Asia’s top stock exchanges.
Last year, the two exchanges prepared new rules to encourage SPAC listings after seeing hundreds of such flotations in the U.S. and worrying that Asian companies would be lured away to list in New York.
SPACs provide companies with an alternative way of going public. They are shell corporations that raise capital through a stock market listing and then acquire a functioning company, thus making it public without it having to go through the traditional process of an initial public offering.
The Hong Kong Stock Exchange’s first SPAC made a muted debut last week. Aquila Acquisition, set up by an affiliate of China Merchants Bank, raised HKD 1 billion (USD 130 million), the minimum amount allowed. The cash haul was slightly less than the amount raised by Vertex Technology Acquisition, the Temasek-backed vehicle that was Singapore’s first SPAC listing in January.
A further ten SPACs have made filings with the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, with backers that include Olympic gymnast-turned-sportswear tycoon Li Ning, Hong Kong property tycoon Adrian Cheng and financial firms ranging from Tiger Jade Capital and Primavera Capital to Agricultural Bank of China.
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In Singapore, after an initial burst of three SPAC IPOs in January, the exchange saw no activity in February or so far in March, with no further SPAC listings or new prospectuses lodged.
Hong Kong has introduced more stringent rules for SPACs than other markets but is pitching the move as a bid for quality over quantity.
“If there is an oversupply of SPACs compared to [acquisition] targets, it is not a good sign and will be a major concern for the regulators,” said Ryan Wu, lead client services partner at Deloitte China. “That is also why Hong Kong has much more stringent rules than anywhere else.”
Under Hong Kong’s rules, until the SPAC completes an acquisition, only institutional investors and individuals with at least HKD 8 million in financial assets can buy its shares. The SPAC must bring in new investors at the time of the acquisition.
Despite the stricter regime, analysts expect Hong Kong will prove more popular than Singapore for SPAC listings due to its deeper liquidity and proximity to mainland China. There are some 300 unicorns—private companies worth over USD 1 billion—in China, more than anywhere else apart from the U.S., so it is a natural hunting ground for Hong Kong SPACs looking for acquisition targets.
The Hong Kong Stock Exchange certainly hopes so. It is struggling with a decline in IPOs, recording only 95 last year, down 34% from 2020, according to Dealogic. The bourse fell from No. 2 to No. 4 in terms of funds raised by IPOs in 2021, overtaken by the New York Stock Exchange and Shanghai bourse. The Nasdaq in the U.S. was No. 1.
Aquila Acquisition closed on Friday down 3% from its IPO price of HKD 10 after only a small number of trades. All three of Singapore’s SPACs have recently traded slightly below their IPO prices of 5 Singapore dollars each. Unlike at the peak of the U.S. SPAC boom a year ago, when investors chased new shares higher, betting the vehicles would acquire hot startups, Asian investors appear content to wait and see.
Peggy Mak, head of research at corporate advisory specialist SAC Capital, said the real test will come when SPACs eventually choose which company to combine with, and the Singaporean SPACs launched so far have been taking their time.
“Their business combination—we thought it would be earlier, but now it’s almost like the end of the first quarter, but still nothing happened,” she told Nikkei Asia. “It’s a bit slower than expected.”
While Hong Kong and Singapore are new to the SPAC game, the vehicles have been allowed on other exchanges in Asia, where their track record is mixed.
Since 1995, the ten largest Asia-Pacific listed SPACs, including Singaporean and Hong Kong listings, have raised a combined USD 1.26 billion, according to Dealogic. Reach Energy, set up to acquire an oil and gas production company, has plunged 92% since listing in 2014 in Malaysia. Hibiscus Petroleum, another Malaysian oil and gas SPAC, has made the biggest gains of the ten.
The entry of Hong Kong and Singapore comes after interest cooled in the U.S. Regulators there have stepped up their scrutiny of SPAC accounting and forecasts made by the acquisition targets, and there has been a surge of lawsuits by investors claiming to have been misled after share prices tumbled.
Mengyu Lu, a partner at Kirkland & Ellis, a law firm, said SPAC listings in Hong Kong have been impacted by the tougher environment in the U.S., as some foreign funds that were previously interested in Hong Kong have decided to wait and watch how the Asian market evolves.
Financial firms looking to launch SPACs may also have been waiting for the recent bout of market volatility to subside. The Hang Seng Index lost a quarter of its value in the space of a month to last Tuesday before staging a rebound.
“Recently, numerous prominent Chinese private equity funds have also expressed interest in promoting SPACs,” Lu said. “They may now be waiting for the market to rebound a bit from its dramatic fall before taking action.”
Wild swings in stock markets also complicate negotiations on how to value an acquisition target in a deal to combine with a SPAC. The private company’s shareholders receive shares in the listed SPAC, but the percentage depends on the value ascribed to the business.
“There is a lot of SPAC activity that’s taking place, but their valuations right now are extremely high. Getting to a point where you can agree on a valuation for a target to ultimately take public is critical,” said Benjamin Quilan, CEO of consultancy firm Quinlan & Associates.
Quilan expects there to be a “lower volume of listings, but a higher quality of listings” in Hong Kong.
“SPACs in Hong Kong will not be built on hype, as it is a totally different environment. I think because of that, you both see better quality deals come through Hong Kong, but you won’t see the crazy kind of volumes that they did in the U.S., so it’s a quality-versus-quantity trade-off,” he said.
This article first appeared on Nikkei Asia. It has been republished here as part of 36Kr’s ongoing partnership with Nikkei.